A comparative study of the effect of synthesis method on the formation of P2- and P3-Na_0.67Mn_0.9Mg_0.1O₂ cathodes

Abstract Na-ion batteries offer a way to develop large-scale energy storage necessary for the increased adoption of renewable sources. Layered transition metal oxide materials electrodes can be synthesised using abundant and non-toxic materials, decreasing costs risks compared lithium-ion batteries. Solid state processing is commonly used synthesis, long calcinations at high temperatures (>800 °C). Other synthetic routes, such as biotemplating, opportunity reduce reaction times, enable access different polymorphs. Here, we compare properties Na 0.67 Mn 0.9 Mg 0.1 O 2 by both solid producing P2 P3 polymorphs understand differences which arise result synthesis temperature choice. We show that biotemplated P3-Na offers discharge capacity over more reported phase 50 cycles C/5, 103 mAh g −1 P3-NMMO. Furthermore, biotemplating samples demonstrate improved after higher delivered 5C in phases conventional synthesis.